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A Present-Day Roadmap to 18th-century Construction Research
 at the Fortress of Louisbourg 

by Eric Krause 
(Krause House Info-Research Solutions)

March 29, 2004

[Revised: August 20, 2005]

In 1961, the government of Canada accepted the recommendation of the Royal Commission on Coal, that there be a symbolic reconstruction of the fortress to provide employment, boost the tourism industry, and inspire the region culturally and intellectually. Two decades later nearly one-quarter of the walled heart of Louisbourg was reconstructed ....

Since 1961, staff at the Fortress of Louisbourg have collected or produced information in order to meet their operational needs for protection and presentation. Over the last 35 years, these two collections have grown considerably whereby today there are many thousands  of records, cards, and documents, books including rare 18th century published books, drawings and photographs, monographs and serials, and reproduced microfilmed manuscript material dealing with the 18th century ...

The two collections hold distinctly different types of materials. The library contains secondary published materials such as books and periodicals. The archives hold a vast range of primary unpublished documentation and records relating to the operation and development of Fortress of Louisbourg since 1961. Both collections hold their information in a variety of formats: paper, micro-form, photo, audio-visual and computer.

In the last several years, computerization including imaging of materials has moved forward relatively quickly. As a result, the difference between the library and archival materials from a storage, retrieval and materials viewpoint has become less distinct. More importantly, computerization is accelerating cross-referencing between the two collections resulting in a greater interdependency from a research and information perspective. Finding aids, bibliographic cross-references, indexes, etc., are the common links driving research projects. This has reinforced the view that there are two distinct but closely linked collections, hence the name given to both as the Historic Records Collection. The holdings of the library are accessible to all staff through a Departmental-wide computer system. Yet to date, it is primarily Site staff who use the library and the archives collections for research and operational needs. Parks Canada has not generally promoted the use of the collections to the public and specifically, researchers from other agencies and institutions. There is perceived to be a general unawareness of the substantial range of unpublished research materials in the collection ...

The holdings are housed in two main locations, the library building in the compound and the basement of the administration building; however, there are smaller holdings in other buildings ... 

Parks Canada will explore partnership arrangements with such institutions and groups as the University College of Cape Breton .... to exploit the informational value of the collections. Site staff will pursue placing Fortress of Louisbourg on the information highway ... [Fortress of Louisbourg, National Historic Site of Canada, Management Plan (June 2001), pp. 3, 44-46]

Although the above Management Plan was finally approved in 2001, the background paper in support of the Library and archives section was actually completed much earlier, on July 24, 1994. [Eric Krause, Fortress of Louisbourg NHS - Management Planning Issue Analysis And Background Paper: Fortress of Louisbourg Archives / Library Collection]. Consequently, although there was envisioned a partnership between the Fortress and Cape Breton University, the Louisbourg Institute was unmentioned.

Between the time of the background paper and today, the Louisbourg Institute [http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/LouisbourgInstitute/] has promoted the Fortress of Louisbourg in numerous ways, including making available to the public many of the informational resources of this important national historic site on the Institute's web site at http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca. Here, a priority to empower interested parties with the ability to undertake 18th-century construction and/or period structural design research has been initiated. Although this project has a long way to go before completion, here begins the roadmap. Obviously, what is available on the web site is also available at the Fortress, but, there, at the Park, it invariably exists in a much more enhanced state (e.g. in the form of hundreds of thousands of pages of original Louisbourg site-specific manuscripts reproduced in microform for research purposes). Thus, a visit to the Fortress is always encouraged, once the virtual record has been explored sufficiently to whet the appetite.

(1) LOUISBOURG INSTITUTE WEBSITE

(A) HTML FORMAT

Perhaps the best first place to go to understand 18th-century construction at Louisbourg is to the general research web search address  [http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/search] where, in complete or partial form, exist many unpublished Fortress of Louisbourg historical reports in html format.  In particular, the construction reports are to be found at reconstruction reports  [http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/search/List_rr.html] where a varied  flavouring is available. The entire series titled Preliminary Architectural Studies should be examined first. Then follow this up by checking out the property interpretation reports at http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/search/List_pi.html . There is even an entire landscape web dedicated to a Block 2 Lots F/G/H property at http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/search/bigotyard/ 

An historical memoranda series that holds numerous, key memos of construction significance exists, but at the moment only a few submissions have been digitized, but they, like all reports, are available in paper format at the fortress. However, an extensive list of links to this collection can be consulted at http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/search/List_HMS.html 

A site of future importance is available at the technical notes, then and now address at http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/search/List_tn.html  

Some useful published reports are available at the general address http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/search/ep.html . For construction, information, perhaps have a look at Canada, An Historical Magazine at  http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/search/CanadaM.htm . 

Not to be over-looked are two major websites; one dedicated to Yvon Leblanc, Louisbourg's first resident architect consisting of two sites at http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/yvonleblanc/ and   http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/yvonleblanc/LouisbourgArchitecture ; and the other to reconstructed 18th-century sites at the general address http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/techproject/ 

(B) WORD PROCESSING FORMAT

Some of the above reports, as well as many others not in html, can be found at the general public reports address at http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/menus/Reportspub.htm . These reports are not organized by subject, but the titles are quite revealing as to which ones are construction in nature. To see a variety of  transcribed 18th-century manuscripts in word processing format, contact the Fortress of Louisbourg.

(C) DATABASES

The gateway address for the Fortress of Louisbourg and Louisbourg Institute databases is http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/menus/databases.htm . Some are construction dedicated, and on the public database address http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/menus/Fwlbcat.htm they are grouped under the general research/recherche heading as construction at: 

• http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/webpub/Fwqhtreport.htm [Historical Technical Reports]

• http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/webpub/Fwqproperty.htm [Louisbourg and Isle Royale Properties]

• http://fortress.uccbns.ca/webpub/FwqChronoM.htm [Structural Design Team Minutes]

To consult a variety of  transcribed 18th-century manuscripts in database format, contact the Fortress of Louisbourg.

It is important to note that neither all of the construction reports produced by Fortress staff, nor any of the archaeology reports produced in support but which are often very revealing of structural matters, have been digitized. Thus, additional research for construction leads should always be conducted by examining the holdings of the Library. For example, if one went only to the monograph holdings in the library, found at the general Fortress public address [http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/menus/Fwlbcat.htm ], whose specific address is http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/WebPub/Fwqmono.htm , and entered in-house report in the search all fields all at once, here alone numerous references to staff reports, of which many deal with construction matters not available on the web site, will be found. Note that this particular list is also available in html format at http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/search/biblio3.html 

For Fortress archaeological matters, go to the general address http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/archaeology/arch.htm where its research artifact database is located at http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/webpub/fwqartifact.htm .

(2) FORTRESS OF LOUISBOURG

    When at the Fortress of Louisbourg, researchers should first examine the web resources described above since on the Institute server structural research matters are better organized than on the Fortress server. Only after that effort should you direct your browser to Louisbourg's Research Gateway Home Page, located on the Fortress network server. For example, if the drive is mapped as drive K, direct your browser to the following general address: \GATEWAY\Default.htm . The Library and Archives construction material which has been digitized can be accessed through: \GATEWAY\Library_Archives.htm . From here, you can follow the links to  the same digitized  materials as on the Institute server [Public Word Processing Reports - \GATEWAY\LAWPReportsPublic.htm and  Manuscript Word Processing Reports -  \GATEWAY\LAWPManuscripts.htm] and Databases [\GATEWAY\LADatabase.htm where when the researcher gets to the Public Catalogues on Drive K, scroll down to Build It].  

The advantage of being at the Fortress of Louisbourg is that construction research possibilities are magnified greatly, and that only here can one research the actual construction documents themselves - held in digitized/microform/photographic/paper formats and described in numerous paper finding aids under the headings The Library, The Archives, and General Holdings, as well as in select digitized finding aids under the heading Research in the same Public Catalogues on Drive K described above. [The same aids can be located on the institute's server at  http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/menus/Fwlbcat.htm but in a different, but still recognizable format]

For conducting structural design nuts & bolts research (1713-1768) at the Fortress of Louisbourg, certain core site-specific manuscript documents have repeatedly been consulted since 1961 following the decision to reconstruct a significant portion of the town and its fortifications. Over time, as indicated above, some of these significant documents have been transcribed and, hence, transferred from microform/photocopied format into text format (typed, word-processed, database) either in total or in part to facilitate research. Today, some of these documents (those partially transcribed or abstracted) are copy-right free; others (those completely transcribed) are copy-right protected since the Fortress of Louisbourg does not own the originals. 

Manuscript documents which have not as  yet been transcribed, or are un-available in electronic format are listed below (see the Core Guide), amongst those with hot-links to those that have been computerized. Please note that if an electronic version is copy-right restricted, it is available only to the staff of the Fortress of Louisbourg who have received permission from the owners of the original manuscript to use it for research purposes only.

Finally, while there are numerous other documents that contain nuts & bolts details, often these details are more or less singular in nature, or are in passing, interpretive, or vague. While vital, even critical, to an over-all understanding of the structural history of Louisbourg, they are not core where, in contrast, the picture of what was happening structurally was far more complete, concentrated, and compact in nature. Nevertheless, many of these - known to the research staff at the Fortress of Louisbourg as the Domestic Architecture File [5x8 file card format] - as well as many of the core documents, have been digitized in the Louisbourg and Isle Royale Property Database where together they can be consulted.

The address for this Guide to the Core Reconstruction/Restoration Manuscript Documents ... at the Fortress of Louisbourg is http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/search/RRBasicManuscriptDocs.htm .

Finally, at the Fortress of Louisbourg there is also an extensive collection of structural and architectural plans, related materials (including the extensive collection of attached materials that go with the Structural Design Team Minutes described in http://fortress.uccbns.ca/webpub/FwqChronoM.htm above) and photography associated with the reconstruction of the Fortress (1961-1982). These too can be accessed - more or less - through the same Public Catalogues on Drive K and  http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/menus/Fwlbcat.htm addresses reported above. 

(3) CONCLUSION

The best advice, after the above road map has been fully exploited, is to enter all the databases and simply check them out for useful construction leads through trial and error. For example, if one went to the Monographs Holdings on http://fortress.uccb.ns.ca/menus/Fwlbcat.htm and were to enter A compilation of printed materials dealing with construction and architecture, in the search all fields all at once, 146 binders of extremely useful construction details would be discovered. In other words, while there is simply too much specific information at the Fortress to place in a road map, conversely, this road map can get you to all of the specific information that is available.

OTHER LINKS:

Fortress of Louisbourg Technical Forum
on Reconstructed Sites: Documents Page

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